A·chikkuni mingsa gunara mamingko minge chananion changnigipa ba·kuni kri ma·ate re·chapgipa kattarang donganian ong·a. Mande, matburing, bol, chibima, rongdalgipa, pelgapgipa aro uandake bimang, rokom, ma·malni kri mingrikkitkon minge chananio re·chapgipa katta bi·sarang gnang. Katta ja·pangni mikkango ba ki·sango chapgipa, sikjotgipa — uandakgipa kattarangkon biap ra·ani kri prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix …. mingtoka, aro jerangkon man·gope “affix” ina. Noun-rangko ma·maleke mesokna dakchakgipa Garo affixranga:—
sak, mang, ge·, dil, rong, pong, te·, bol, kap, gil, dot, jak, king, bal, teng·, jol, dol·, chang, dik, ming, chol, kam·, ko·, sri, ….. aro gipinrang.
Uarang chananio re·chapna nangtelgiparang ong·e maiko janape chanenga uko dingtangmancha mesoka. Indakgipa kattakon linguistrang Classifier minga. Classifier-rangba rokom dongangkua, indiba an·ching nounko bimang chinate chananio dakchakgipa classifierrangko niangna.
“Mamingni bimingkon Noun minga” ina. Uni ortode, a·gilsako ong·atgimin – mandeni dakgimin – maiba ong·bewalani — indonga pilaknan mande bimingrangko donaha. Atte, robol, salgi, chibima, do·o, mat, jajong, nachil, — uaranga mingna dongimin bimingrang ong·a; gong·ode ritchuangkubo. Mikronchi nikna man·gijagipa, aro maiba ong·anirangnaba biming dona, jekai: balwa, gisik, jumang, jarongpang, jabirong, aro indaken.
Kosako mesokgimin classifierrang uandakgiparangko minge chanengon rokom ba ma·malko bimang chine, jotdike mesokgipa kattarang ong·a. Uarang gride A·chikkuo mamingkon channa man·ja. Uni gimin uandakgiparangko Numeral Classifiers ineba minga.
A·chikkuo gita apsangipa classifierrang Salaram Asiani ku·sikrango gnang:— bo·roma, ro·dronga, dal·gapa, do·o, mat, mande, matburing — iarang pilakkon ma·ate minge chanani gnang. Uarangni sentenceo biap ra·anirangsan adita dingtanggrikaia, jekai Garochi “do·o mangsa” inode Chinese Mandarino biap ra·ani “sa mang do·o” ine ong·skaa. A·chikkuo gita, noun plural ong·oba classifierde dingtangja.
Janapgipin gita, A·chikkuo gitan Salaram Asiani gipin ku·sikrango apsan rokomni classifierrang gnang, maina ia ku·sikranga Sino-Tibetan ku·bichongoni cheksi chekbragipa ku·sikrang ong·toka. [Bilnang Rakani diagram sale talatako nibo] Ku·sikrangde bang·a, indiba hai, an·ching Chinese ku·sikoba mande saksa, matcha mangsa, be·en teng·sa ine chanani gnangako adita nigrikangna.
KOSAKGILGIL TALATANI
Standard Mandarin: Chinese ku·sik inon Chinani bang·bea ku·sikrangko ganggopa; uarangoni bang·an ku·gipin ong·grikoba Chinese ku·sikni dialectrang ine chana (pilakande indake chananio melijaoba). Uni gisepon a·songni standard ba official languagena Mandarin ku·sikko ra·gate jakkala. Ukon Standard Chinese ba Standard Mandarin ba Mandarin ba Chinese ine mangmangba minga. Uan Beijing jolo aganbewal Mandarin dialect ong·a, indiba kattarangko pilak Mandarin dialectrangonikon ra·chimonga.
Simplified Chinese characters: Bang·bea chinrangko jakkale Chinese sea-jotaniko bimang rika. Ua chinrangko u·ina aro gisiko chipna rakbea. Uarangko altubate u·ina aro jakkaltobatna gita chinrangko 1946 bilsi joloni gital dake tariaha; ukon Standard Chinese ine chanaha; sea-jotani aro chapa ka·anio ukon jakkalchina 1950-1960 bilsirangonin Chinani sorkari hukum on·aha. Standard Chinese-an People’s Republic of China aro Singapore a·songo official dake ra·gate jakkala.
Traditional Chinese characters: Ian simplified Chinese chinrang dongchapgijagipa, chengonin sea-jotanio jakkalbagimin chinrang Chinese character ba chinrang ong·a. Traditional Chineseko da·o Taiwan, Hongkong, Macau a·songrango official ong·e jakkalkuenga. Chinani a·palchi songdonggipa Chinese manderang (jekai USA-o) Traditional Chineseko jakkaltoka.
Pinyin: Ian Roman oikor-rangko jakkale Chineseko sena aro skina dingtangmancha tarigimin ong·a. Gam·atani kri oikorrango chinrang (diatricts) re·chapa. Chineseko Roman oikorchi sena jotton ka·ani skangonin dongoba Pinyin systemko 1950 bilsimangonisa linguistrang namemancha tarie chu·sokataha; jekon 1958 bilsio China sorkari publish ka·aha, 1982 bilsio ISO “international standard” ine ra·chakaha. Roman oikorko jakkaloba gam·atanirang altua ong·ja, maina Chinese ku·siko kattarangni ortorangan gam·atani sul aro bewalo pangchaka. Pinyin-ni ortoko Englisho donskaode spelled sounds ine ong·a.
Published: Jarongpang || Vol 1 No 2 || Dec 2017
Mekey Chisim
